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Compare Libya (2003) - East Timor (2004)

Compare Libya (2003) z East Timor (2004)

 Libya (2003)East Timor (2004)
 LibyaEast Timor
Administrative divisions 25 municipalities (baladiyat, singular - baladiyah); Ajdabiya, Al 'Aziziyah, Al Fatih, Al Jabal al Akhdar, Al Jufrah, Al Khums, Al Kufrah, An Nuqat al Khams, Ash Shati', Awbari, Az Zawiyah, Banghazi, Darnah, Ghadamis, Gharyan, Misratah, Murzuq, Sabha, Sawfajjin, Surt, Tarabulus, Tarhunah, Tubruq, Yafran, Zlitan; note - the 25 municipalities may have been replaced by 13 regions 13 administrative districts; Aileu, Ainaro, Baucau, Bobonaro (Maliana), Cova-Lima (Suai), Dili, Ermera, Lautem (Los Palos), Liquica, Manatuto, Manufahi (Same), Oecussi (Ambeno), Viqueque
Age structure 0-14 years: 34.5% (male 970,026; female 929,174)


15-64 years: 61.4% (male 1,744,992; female 1,630,399)


65 years and over: 4.1% (male 109,262; female 115,221) (2003 est.)
0-14 years: 37.8% (male 196,007; female 189,584)


15-64 years: 59.2% (male 308,254; female 295,584)


65 years and over: 2.9% (male 14,663; female 15,160) (2004 est.)
Agriculture - products wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus, vegetables, peanuts, soybeans; cattle coffee, rice, maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, soybeans, cabbage, mangoes, bananas, vanilla
Airports 136 (2002) 8 (2003 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 58


over 3,047 m: 23


2,438 to 3,047 m: 6


1,524 to 2,437 m: 22


914 to 1,523 m: 5


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
total: 3


2,438 to 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 78


over 3,047 m: 5


2,438 to 3,047 m: 2


1,524 to 2,437 m: 14


914 to 1,523 m: 39


under 914 m: 18 (2002)
total: 5


914 to 1,523 m: 3


under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)
Area total: 1,759,540 sq km


land: 1,759,540 sq km


water: 0 sq km
total: 15,007 sq km


land: NA sq km


water: NA sq km
Area - comparative slightly larger than Alaska slightly larger than Connecticut
Background Since he took power in a 1969 military coup, Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI has espoused his own political system - a combination of socialism and Islam - which he calls the Third International Theory. Viewing himself as a revolutionary leader, he used oil funds during the 1970s and 1980s to promote his ideology outside Libya, even supporting subversives and terrorists abroad to hasten the end of Marxism and capitalism. Libyan military adventures failed, e.g., the prolonged foray of Libyan troops into the Aozou Strip in northern Chad was finally repulsed in 1987. Libyan support for terrorism decreased after UN sanctions were imposed in 1992. Those sanctions were suspended in April 1999. The Portuguese began to trade with the island of Timor in the early 16th century and colonized it in mid-century. Skirmishing with the Dutch in the region eventually resulted in an 1859 treaty in which Portugal ceded the western portion of the island. Imperial Japan occupied East Timor during 1942-1945, but Portugal resumed colonial authority after the Japanese defeat in World War II. East Timor declared itself independent from Portugal on 28 November 1975 and was invaded and occupied by Indonesian forces nine days later. It was incorporated into Indonesia in July 1976 as the province of East Timor. An unsuccessful campaign of pacification followed over the next two decades, during which an estimated 100,000 to 250,000 individuals lost their lives. On 30 August 1999, in a UN-supervised popular referendum, an overwhelming majority of the people of East Timor voted for independence from Indonesia. Between the referendum and the arrival of a multinational peacekeeping force in late September 1999, anti-independence Timorese militias - organized and supported by the Indonesian military - commenced a large-scale, scorched-earth campaign of retribution. The militias killed approximately 1,300 Timorese and forcibly pushed 300,000 people into West Timor as refugees. The majority of the country's infrastructure, including homes, irrigation systems, water supply systems, and schools, and nearly 100% of the country's electrical grid were destroyed. On 20 September 1999 the Australian-led peacekeeping troops of the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET) deployed to the country and brought the violence to an end. On 20 May 2002, East Timor was internationally recognized as an independent state.
Birth rate 27.43 births/1,000 population (2003 est.) 27.46 births/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Budget revenues: $13.7 billion


expenditures: $8.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (2001 est.)
revenues: $36 million


expenditures: $97 million, including capital expenditures of NA (2003 est.)
Capital Tripoli Dili
Climate Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior tropical; hot, humid; distinct rainy and dry seasons
Coastline 1,770 km 706 km
Constitution 11 December 1969, amended 2 March 1977 22 March 2002 (based on the Portuguese model)
Country name conventional long form: Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya


conventional short form: Libya


local long form: Al Jumahiriyah al Arabiyah al Libiyah ash Shabiyah al Ishtirakiyah al Uzma


local short form: none
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste


conventional short form: East Timor


local long form: Republika Demokratika Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Republica Democratica de Timor-Leste [Portuguese]


local short form: Timor Lorosa'e [Tetum]; Timor-Leste [Portuguese]


former: Portuguese Timor
Currency Libyan dinar (LYD) US dollar (USD)
Death rate 3.49 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) 6.36 deaths/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Debt - external $4.4 billion (2001 est.) NA
Diplomatic representation from the US the US suspended all embassy activities in Tripoli on 2 May 1980 chief of mission: Ambassador Grover Joseph REES


embassy: Avenida de Portugal, Praia dos Conqueiros, Dili


mailing address: Department of State, 8250 Dili Place, Washington, DC 20521-8250


telephone: (670) 332-4684


FAX: (670) 331-3206
Diplomatic representation in the US Libya does not have an embassy in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Luis GUTERRES


chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue, Washington, DC 20007


telephone: 202 965-1515


FAX: 202 965-1517


consulate(s) general: New York (the ambassador resides in New York) (2004)
Disputes - international Libya has claimed more than 32,000 sq km in southeastern Algeria and about 25,000 sq km in Niger in currently dormant disputes; various Chadian rebels from the Aozou region reside in southern Libya East Timor-Indonesia Boundary Committee continues to meet, survey, and delimit the land boundary, but several sections of the boundary especially around the Oekussi enclave remain unresolved; Indonesia and East Timor contest the sovereignty of the uninhabited coral island of Palau Batek/Fatu Sinai, which may delay decision on the northern maritime boundaries; numbers of East Timor refugees in Indonesia refuse repatriation; East Timor and Australia continue to disagree over the delimitation of a permanent maritime boundary and over the sharing of petroleum resources that fall outside the Joint Petroleum Development Area covered by the 2002 Timor Sea Treaty
Economic aid - recipient $15 million (2000) $2.2 billion (1999-2002 est.)
Economy - overview The socialist-oriented economy depends primarily upon revenues from the oil sector, which contribute practically all export earnings and about one-quarter of GDP. These oil revenues and a small population give Libya one of the highest per capita GDPs in Africa, but little of this income flows down to the lower orders of society. Import restrictions and inefficient resource allocations have led to periodic shortages of basic goods and foodstuffs. The nonoil manufacturing and construction sectors, which account for about 20% of GDP, have expanded from processing mostly agricultural products to include the production of petrochemicals, iron, steel, and aluminum. Climatic conditions and poor soils severely limit agricultural output, and Libya imports about 75% of its food. Higher oil prices in the last three years led to an increase in export revenues, which has improved macroeconomic balances but has done little to stimulate broad-based economic growth. Libya is making slow progress toward economic liberalization and the upgrading of economic infrastructure, but truly market-based reforms will be slow in coming. In late 1999, about 70% of the economic infrastructure of East Timor was laid waste by Indonesian troops and anti-independence militias, and 260,000 people fled westward. Over the next three years, however, a massive international program, manned by 5,000 peacekeepers (8,000 at peak) and 1,300 police officers, led to substantial reconstruction in both urban and rural areas. By mid-2002, all but about 50,000 of the refugees had returned. Growth was held back in 2003 by extensive drought and the gradual winding down of the international presence. The country faces great challenges in continuing the rebuilding of infrastructure, strengthening the infant civil administration, and generating jobs for young people entering the workforce. One promising long-term project is the planned development of oil and gas resources in nearby waters, but the government faces a substantial financing gap over the next several years before these revenues start flowing into state coffers.
Electricity - consumption 18.77 billion kWh (2001) NA kWh (2001)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (2001) 0 kWh (2001)
Electricity - production 20.18 billion kWh (2001) NA kWh (2001)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel: 100%


hydro: 0%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2001)
-
Elevation extremes lowest point: Sabkhat Ghuzayyil -47 m


highest point: Bikku Bitti 2,267 m
lowest point: Timor Sea, Savu Sea, and Banda Sea 0 m


highest point: Foho Tatamailau 2,963 m
Environment - current issues desertification; very limited natural fresh water resources; the Great Manmade River Project, the largest water development scheme in the world, is being built to bring water from large aquifers under the Sahara to coastal cities widespread use of slash and burn agriculture has led to deforestation and soil erosion
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban
NA
Ethnic groups Berber and Arab 97%, Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian), Papuan, small Chinese minority
Exchange rates Libyan dinars per US dollar - 1.2 (2003), 0.6 (2002), 0.51 (2001), 0.5 (2000), 0.39 (1999) the US dollar is the legal tender
Executive branch chief of state: Revolutionary Leader Col. Muammar Abu Minyar al-QADHAFI (since 1 September 1969); note - holds no official title, but is de facto chief of state


head of government: Secretary of the General People's Committee (Premier) Mubarak al-SHAMEKH (since 2 March 2000)


cabinet: General People's Committee established by the General People's Congress


elections: national elections are indirect through a hierarchy of people's committees; head of government elected by the General People's Congress; election last held 2 March 2000 (next to be held NA)


election results: Mubarak al-SHAMEKH elected premier; percent of General People's Congress vote - NA%
chief of state: President Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO (since 20 May 2002); note - the president plays a largely symbolic role but is able to veto some legislation; he formerly used the name Jose Alexandre GUSMAO


head of government: Prime Minister Mari Bin Amude ALKATIRI (since 20 May 2002)


cabinet: Council of Ministers


elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; election last held 14 April 2002 (next to be held NA April 2007); after the first legislative elections, the leader of the majority party was appointed prime minister by the president, suggesting a precedent for the future


election results: Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO elected president; percent of vote - Kay Rala Xanana GUSMAO 82.7%, Francisco Xavier do AMARAL 17.3%
Exports NA (2001) $8 million (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities crude oil, refined petroleum products (1999) coffee, sandalwood, marble; note - the potential for oil and vanilla exports
Exports - partners Italy 42.6%, Germany 14.1%, Spain 13.6%, Turkey 6.9%, Switzerland 4.4% (2002) NA
Fiscal year calendar year 1 July - 30 June
Flag description plain green; green is the traditional color of Islam (the state religion) red, with a black isosceles triangle (based on the hoist side) superimposed on a slightly longer yellow arrowhead that extends to the center of the flag; there is a white star in the center of the black triangle
GDP purchasing power parity - $33.36 billion (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $440 million (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9%


industry: 45%


services: 46% (2001 est.)
agriculture: 25.4%


industry: 17.2%


services: 57.4% (2001)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $6,200 (2002 est.) purchasing power parity - $500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.2% (2002 est.) -3% (2003 est.)
Geographic coordinates 25 00 N, 17 00 E 8 50 S, 125 55 E
Geography - note more than 90% of the country is desert or semidesert Timor comes from the Malay word for "East;" the island of Timor is part of the Malay Archipelago and is the largest and easternmost of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Heliports 1 (2002) 1 (2003 est.)
Highways total: 83,200 km


paved: 47,590 km


unpaved: 35,610 km (1999 est.)
total: 3,800 km


paved: 428 km


unpaved: 3,372 km (1995)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
lowest 10%: NA


highest 10%: NA
Illicit drugs - NA
Imports NA (2001) $237 million (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities machinery, transport equipment, food, manufactured goods (1999) mainly food (2001)
Imports - partners Italy 25.6%, Germany 9.8%, South Korea 6.6%, UK 6.6%, Tunisia 6.5%, Japan 6.4%, France 5.7% (2002) NA
Independence 24 December 1951 (from Italy) 28 November 1975 (date of proclamation of independence from Portugal); note - 20 May 2002 is the official date of international recognition of East Timor's independence from Indonesia
Industrial production growth rate NA% 8.5%
Industries petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts, cement printing, soap manufacturing, handicrafts, woven cloth
Infant mortality rate total: 26.8 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 29.16 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 24.33 deaths/1,000 live births (2003 est.)
total: 48.86 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 55.34 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 42.05 deaths/1,000 live births (2004 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 1% (2001 est.) 8% NA (2003 est.)
International organization participation ABEDA, AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, AMU, CAEU, ECA, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAPEC, OAU, OIC, OPEC, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO ACP, AsDB, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICCt, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS (observer), ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, MIGA, OPCW, PIF (observer), UN, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 1 (2002) -
Irrigated land 4,700 sq km (1998 est.) 1,065 sq km (est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court Supreme Court of Justice - constitution calls for one judge to be appointed by National Parliament and rest appointed by Superior Council for Judiciary; note - until Supreme Court is established, Court of Appeals is highest court
Labor force 1.5 million (2000 est.) NA
Labor force - by occupation services 54%, industry 29%, agriculture 17% (1997 est.) NA
Land boundaries total: 4,348 km


border countries: Algeria 982 km, Chad 1,055 km, Egypt 1,115 km, Niger 354 km, Sudan 383 km, Tunisia 459 km
total: 228 km


border countries: Indonesia 228 km
Land use arable land: 1.03%


permanent crops: 0.17%


other: 98.8% (1998 est.)
arable land: 4.71%


permanent crops: 0.67%


other: 94.62% (2001)
Languages Arabic, Italian, English, all are widely understood in the major cities Tetum (official), Portuguese (official), Indonesian, English


note: there are about 16 indigenous languages; Tetum, Galole, Mambae, and Kemak are spoken by significant numbers of people
Legal system based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction UN-drafted legal system based on Indonesian law remains in place but will be replaced by civil and penal codes based on Portuguese law (2004)
Legislative branch unicameral General People's Congress (NA seats; members elected indirectly through a hierarchy of people's committees) unicameral National Parliament (number of seats can vary, minimum requirement of 52 and a maximum of 65 seats; members elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms); note - for its first term of office, the National Parliament is comprised of 88 members on an exceptional basis


elections: (next to be held August 2006); direct elections for national parliament were never held; elected delegates to the national convention named themselves legislators instead of having elections; hence the exceptional numbers for this term of the national parliament.


election results: percent of vote by party - FRETILIN 57.37%, PD 8.72%, PSD 8.18%, ASDT 7.84%, UDT 2.36%, PNT 2.21%, KOTA 2.13%, PPT 2.01%, PDC 1.98%, PST 1.78%, independents/other 5.42%; seats by party - FRETILIN 55, PD 7, PSD 6, ASDT 6, PDC 2, UDT 2, KOTA 2, PNT 2, PPT 2, UDC/PDC 1, PST 1, PL 1, independent 1
Life expectancy at birth total population: 76.07 years


male: 73.91 years


female: 78.34 years (2003 est.)
total population: 65.56 years


male: 63.31 years


female: 67.92 years (2004 est.)
Literacy definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 82.6%


male: 92.4%


female: 72% (2003 est.)
definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 58.6% (2002)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Egypt and Tunisia Southeastern Asia, northwest of Australia in the Lesser Sunda Islands at the eastern end of the Indonesian archipelago; note - East Timor includes the eastern half of the island of Timor, the Oecussi (Ambeno) region on the northwest portion of the island of Timor, and the islands of Pulau Atauro and Pulau Jaco
Map references Africa Southeast Asia
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 NM


note: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north
territorial sea: NA nm


exclusive economic zone: NA nm


continental shelf: NA nm


exclusive fishing zone: NA nm


extended fishing zone: NA nm
Merchant marine total: 21 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 130,081 GRT/115,480 DWT


ships by type: cargo 9, liquefied gas 3, petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 4


note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of convenience: Algeria 1, Kuwait 1, UAE 1 (2002 est.)
none
Military branches Armed Peoples on Duty (Army), Navy, Air and Air Defense Command (includes Air Force) East Timor Defense Force (Forcas de Defesa de Timor-L'este, FDTL): Army, Navy
Military expenditures - dollar figure $1.3 billion (FY99) $4.4 million (FY03)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 3.9% (FY99) NA
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49: 1,546,432 (2003 est.) NA (2004 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49: 914,649 (2003 est.) NA (2004 est.)
Military manpower - military age 17 years of age (2003 est.) -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males: 61,511 (2003 est.) NA (2004 est.)
National holiday Revolution Day, 1 September (1969) Independence Day, 28 November (1975)
Nationality noun: Libyan(s)


adjective: Libyan
noun: Timorese


adjective: Timorese
Natural hazards hot, dry, dust-laden ghibli is a southern wind lasting one to four days in spring and fall; dust storms, sandstorms floods and landslides are common; earthquakes, tsunamis, tropical cyclones
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, gypsum gold, petroleum, natural gas, manganese, marble
Net migration rate 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.) 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2004 est.)
Pipelines condensate 225 km; gas 3,196 km; oil 6,872 km (2003) -
Political parties and leaders none Associacao Social-Democrata Timorense or ASDT [Francisco Xavier do AMARAL]; Christian Democratic Party of Timor or PDC [Antonio XIMENES]; Christian Democratic Union of Timor or UDC [Vicente da Silva GUTERRES]; Democratic Party or PD [Fernando de ARAUJO]; Liberal Party or PL [leader NA]; Maubere Democratic Party or PDM [leader NA]; People's Party of Timor or PPT [Jacob XAVIER]; Revolutionary Front of Independent East Timor or FRETILIN [Lu OLO]; Social Democrat Party of East Timor or PSD [Mario CARRASCALAO]; Socialist Party of Timor or PST [leader Avelino COELHO]; Sons of the Mountain Warriors (also known as Association of Timorese Heroes) or KOTA [Clementino dos Reis AMARAL]; Timor Democratic Union or UDT [Joao CARRASCALAO]; Timor Labor Party or PTT [Paulo Freitas DA SILVA]; Timorese Nationalist Party or PNT [Abilio ARAUJO]; Timorese Popular Democratic Association or APODETI [Frederico Almeida-Santos DA COSTA]
Political pressure groups and leaders various Arab nationalist movements with almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely, as well as some Islamic elements Popular Council for the Defense of the Democratic Republic of East Timor or CPD-RDTL [leader Antonio-Aitahan MATAK] is largest political pressure group; it rejects current government and claims to be rightful government; Kolimau 2000 [leader Dr. Bruno MAGALHAES] is another opposition group; dissatisfied veterans of struggle against Indonesia, led by one-time government advisor Cornelio GAMA (also known as L-7), also play an important role in pressuring government
Population 5,499,074


note: includes 166,510 non-nationals (July 2003 est.)
1,019,252


note: other estimates range as low as 800,000 (July 2004 est.)
Population below poverty line NA% 42% (2003 est.)
Population growth rate 2.39% (2003 est.) 2.11% (2004 est.)
Ports and harbors Al Khums, Banghazi, Darnah, Marsa al Burayqah, Misratah, Ra's Lanuf, Tobruk, Tripoli, Zuwarah NA
Radio broadcast stations AM 16, FM 3, shortwave 3 (2002) AM NA, FM NA, shortwave NA
Railways 0 km -
Religions Sunni Muslim 97% Roman Catholic 90%, Muslim 4%, Protestant 3%, Hindu 0.5%, Buddhist, Animist (1992 est.)
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.07 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female


total population: 1.06 male(s)/female (2003 est.)
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.97 male(s)/female


total population: 1.04 male(s)/female (2004 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 17 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment: telecommunications system is being modernized; mobile cellular telephone system became operational in 1996


domestic: microwave radio relay, coaxial cable, cellular, tropospheric scatter, and a domestic satellite system with 14 earth stations


international: satellite earth stations - 4 Intelsat, NA Arabsat, and NA Intersputnik; submarine cables to France and Italy; microwave radio relay to Tunisia and Egypt; tropospheric scatter to Greece; participant in Medarabtel (1999)
NA
Telephones - main lines in use 500,000 (1998) NA
Telephones - mobile cellular 20,000 (1998) NA
Television broadcast stations 12 (plus one low-power repeater) (1999) NA
Terrain mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions mountainous
Total fertility rate 3.49 children born/woman (2003 est.) 3.7 children born/woman (2004 est.)
Unemployment rate 30% (2001) 50% (including underemployment) (1992 est.)
Waterways none -
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